Acid, Base and Salt Class 10 Science Complete Notes. This note include all the excercise given in Acid, Base and Salt chapter of science book such as question answer, numericals, give reason, diagrammatic questions and define the following. This note is published for helping students to solve their problems.
If you find any mistakes or feel like giving any suggestions then feel free to comment down.
Related Searches 🔍
- Acids, Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes PDF
- Acid Bases and Salts Class 10 MCQ
- Acids, Bases and Salts Class 10 Questions and Answers PDF
- Acids, Bases and Salts questions and answers PDF
- Weak base examples Class 10
- Acids and bases Grade 10
- Basic Salt Example Class 10
- Acid, Base and Salts Class 10 important Questions with Answers
- Acids, Bases and Salts Class 10 Extra Questions Answers
- Grade 10 Chapter 9 Science Notes
Chapter – 9
Acid, Base & Salt
Scroll down to get all the notes. If some notes are missing or if there are some mistakes in the answers then please let us know through comments.
2. Differentiate Between
a. Acid and Base
| Acid | Base |
|---|---|
| It is a compound which gives off hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. | It is a compound which gives off hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water |
| It is sour in taste. | It is bitter in taste. |
| It is usually sticky. | It is usually Slippery or Soapy. |
| It turns blue litmus paper into red . | It turns red litmus paper into blue. |
b. Strong Acid and Weak Acid
| Strong Acid | Weak Acid |
|---|---|
| It undergoes almost complete ionisation to give more concentration of hydrogen ions. | It undergoes very less ionisation to give less concentration of hydrogen ions |
| PH of a strong acid solution is very low. | PH of a weak acid solution is about 3-5. |
| Acid dissociation constant is a higher value. | Acid dissociation constant is a lower value. |
| Release all the H+ ions to the solution | Do not release all H+ ions |
c. Base and Alkali
| Alkali | Base |
|---|---|
| Alkali compound are a type of base that dissolve in water | A base is a Substance that neutralises an acid. |
| They are soluble in water. | They may or may not be soluble in water. |
| Baking soda is an alkali substance. | KOH is an example. |
| All alkali are bases. | But all bases are not alkali. |
d. Organic Acid and Inorganic Acid
| Organic Acid | Inorganic Acid |
|---|---|
| They are organic compound with acidic property. | They are Inorganic compound with acidic property. |
| Generally, they are weak. | Generally, they are strong. |
| They contain carbon. | Usually, they don’t contain carbon. |
| They are obtained from living organisms. | They are obtained from minerals from on earth. |
3. Give Reason
a. Picked is not stored in a metal vessel for a long time.
Ans: Pickle is not stored in a metal vessel for a long time because pickle contain acid which may react with metal and can lead several health problems.
b. The taste of acid is sour.
Ans: The taste of acid is sour is because acid contains hydrogen ions ( H+).
c. Acetic acid is a weak acid.
Ans: Acetic acid is a weak acid because it undergoes partial ionisation to give less concentration of hydrogen ions.
d. Hydrochloric acid is known as a strong acid.
Ans: Hydrochloric acid is known as a strong acid because it undergoes complete ionisation to give more concentration of hydrogen ions.
e. Sodium bicarbonate is called an acidic salt.
Ans: Sodium bicarbonate is called an acidic salt because it contains ionizable hydrogen ions in it.
f. Water is known as an acid as well as a base.
Ans: Water is known as an acid as well as a base because water gives both hydrogen ions ( H+ ) and hydroxyl ions ( H- ) on dissociation. It shows amphoteric behaviour.
g. Ammonium hydroxide is called a weak alkali.
Ans: Ammonium Hydroxide is called a weak acid because it is soluble in water.
h. H2SO4 is called the king of chemicals.
Ans: H2SO4 is called a king of chemicals because it is widely used in industries and laboratories.
i. Acid is also called a proton donor.
Ans: Acid is also called a proton donor because theu gives hydrogen ions or proton by dissolving in water.
j. Antacids relieve hyper-acidity
Ans: Antacids relieve hyper-acidity because antacids are mild bases that neutralises the effect of acid in our stomach.
4. Answer the following questions:
a. Define acids ? What are the properties of acids.
Ans: Acids are those compounds which gives off hydrogen ions or proton when dissolved in water.
The properties of acid are as follows:
• They are sour
• It turns blue litmus paper into red
• It can conduct electricity
• It feels sticky
b. Write down the name and molecular formula of a compound which gives hydrogen ion and chloride ion in the solution state. In which colour is the methyl orange changed after treating it with this compound? Why? Write the name of salt when the compound is treated with lime water. Write down the chemical equation.
Ans: The name and Molecular formula of compound which gives hydrogen ions and chloride in solution state is given below:
Hydrochloric Acid → chlorine + Hydrogen
2Hcl → Cl₂ + H₂
Methyl Orange changes into Red because the Compound is acidic in nature.
The name of salt when treated with the compon is calcium chloride.
Ca (OH)₂+ 2HCl → Cacl₂+ H₂O
c. Define organic and Mineral acids .
Ans: The acids obtained from living organisms and Contain carbon in their molecular structure is called Organic acid.
The acids which are obtained from minerals found on the earth’s crust and do not contain carbon atoms in their molecular structure are called Mineral acids.
d. What is a base ? Mention any three ways of making bases .
Ans: Metallic oxides and hydroxides which are bitter in taste and give hydroxyl ions (H+) if they dissolve in water are called bases .
The three ways of making bases are as follows:
• By the direct union of a metal with oxygen
• By the action of water or steam on some active metals
• By heating carbonates of some metals
e. What are salts ? What are the characteristics of salts ?
Ans: Salts are the compound which is formed by the partial or complete replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms of an acid by one or more metal atom or positive radicals .
The characteristics of salts are as follows :
• Common salt is an important constituent of our diet.
• Most salts are insoluble in water but few are soluble.
• The solution of salt can conduct electricity.
f . What is an alkali ? Name any three alkalis.
Ans: Alkalis are water soluble bases which give hydroxyl ions when dissolved in water.
The three examples of allkalis are as follows:
• Naoh
• KOH
• Ca ( OH )₂
g. What do you mean by neutralization reaction? Write the importance of this reaction.
Ans: The reaction in which the properties of acid and bases are destroyed or neutralize to form salt and water is known as neutralization reaction.
Some importance of neutralization reaction are as follows:
• It is used to control the PH of soil .
• It is used in the manufacturing of antacid.
• It is used as household remedy for bee or and sting.
h. ” Acids are said to be proton donors” Justify.
Ans: Acids are called to said to be proton donors because they lose proton to other atoms in chemical reaction This makes them more electro negative as they will have more number of electrons than protons .
i. Which alkali has no metal ?
Ans: Ammonium Hydroxide is an alkali which has no metal.
j. What is litmus paper ? Where is it used ? How is it used for identifying acid and base?
Ans: A litmus paper is an indicator which identifies whether the given substance is acid, base or neutral by changing its color .
It is used in Chemical Laboratory.
If the substance is acid blue litmus paper changes its color into red and if the substance is base red litmus paper changes its color in blue .
k. How normal acidic and basic salts are formed ? Explain with chemical reaction.
Ans: Normal salts are formed by the reaction of strong acids and strong bases or weak acid and weak base.
HCl + NaoH → Nacl+ H₂O
Acidic salts are produced when strong acid and weak bases are reacted .
H₂SO4 + KOH →KHSO4 + H₂O
Basic salt are formed by the reaction of weak acid and strong base.
NaoH + H₂Co3 → Na₂Co + H₂O
l. What changes of colour would you observe when the following indicators are added to the substance given below:
| Substance | Methyl Orange | Phenolphthalein | Blue litmus paper | Red Litmus Paper |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sulphuric Acid | Red | No change | Red | No change |
| Ammonia Solution | Yellow | Pink | No change | Blue |
| Salt solution | Faint orange | No change | No change | No change |
m. Write any three uses of the following.
a. Acid
• In storage batteries ( H₂SO4 )
• They are used for making medicines
• Sulphuric Acid is used for making chemical fertilizers
b. Bases
• Caustic Potash is used for making soft soaps
• Ammonium hydroxide is used for making chemical fertilizers
• Caustic Soda is used in refining petroleum products.
c. Salt
• Sodium bicarbonate is used in making baking powder .
• Sodium carbonate is used in the manufacture of Soap .
• Sodium chloride is used as preservative
n. What is hydrated salt ? Write its two examples.
Ans: Those salt which contain certain amount of water are called hydrated salt Eg: Sodium carbonate decahydrate, sodium sulphate decahydrates etc.
O. Complete the following chemical equations in the bon of balanced equation by placing the related Compounds / elements .
• Acid + metal → H₂So4
Mg + H₂So4 →mgso4 + H₂
• Acid + metal oxide →
2Hcl + Cao → cacl₂ + H₂O
• Acid + metal carbonate →
H₂So4 + Mgco3 → Mgso4 + H₂O + Co2
p. Write the application of neutralization reaction
Ans: The application of neutralization reaction are as follows:
i. It is used to control PH of sol).
ii. It is used in manufacturing of antacid.
iii. It is used as household remedy for bee or and Stings .
q. What happens when (write the balanced chemical equation).
• Magnesium react with sulphuric acid
Mg + H2SO4 → MgSO4 + H2
• Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium carbonate
2Hcl + Naco3 →2Nacl + H2O + Co2
• Hydrochloric acid react with sodium hydroxide
Hcl + NaoH → Nacl + H2O
• Copper oxide reacts with sulphuric acid .
Cuo + H2so4 → Cuso4 + H2O
• Magnesium burns in oxygen
2Mg + O2 → 2Mgo
• Sulphuric acid dissolves in water
H2So4+ H2O →H3O+ + HSO.
Plz give other notes of chapter 6 8 10 ro 23
There are still some questions you left .You should check it once other all fine